[fpc-devel] cross copiling x86_64 to i386 ?

[Dimitrios Chr. Ioannidis]

Hi,

???? 29/8/2012 10:05 ??, ?/? Sven Barth ??????:
>
> Am 29.08.2012 01:23 schrieb "Hans-Peter Diettrich" 
> <DrDiettrich1 at aol.com <mailto:DrDiettrich1 at aol.com>>:
>
<snip>
>
> > I wonder why Extended should not be supported in 64 bit mode. The 
> FPU still exists, as it's required in 32 bit mode, and AFAIK it also 
> is accessible in 64 bit code. Of course the FPU doesn't work together 
> with the MMX/MMY registers, but for the few conversions required in a 
> compiler this should not be a big problem?
>
> The FPU is used on every x86_64 platform except Win64, because 
> Microsoft says that we (as in developers) should not use the FPU on 
> Win64, because it is considered deprecated there. Technically it is 
> definitely possible, but "if in Rome, do as the Romans do"...
>

Quoting from http://www.agner.org/optimize/calling_conventions.pdf :

"6.1 Can floating point registers be used in 64-bit Windows?
There has been widespread confusion about whether 64-bit Windows allows 
the use of the
floating point registers ST(0)-ST(7) and the MM0 - MM7 registers that 
are aliased upon
these. One early technical document found at Microsoft's website says 
"x87/MMX registers
are unavailable to Native Windows64 applications" (Rich Brunner: 
Technical Details Of
Microsoft® Windows® For The AMD64 Platform, Dec. 2003). An AMD document 
says: "64-
bit Microsoft Windows does not strongly support MMX and 3Dnow! 
instruction sets in the
64-bit native mode" (Porting and Optimizing Multimedia Codecs for AMD64 
architecture on
Microsoft® Windows®, July 21, 2004). A document in Microsoft's MSDN 
says: "A caller
must also handle the following issues when calling a callee: [...] 
Legacy Floating-Point
Support: The MMX and floating-point stack registers (MM0-MM7/ST0-ST7) 
are volatile. That
is, these legacy floating-point stack registers do not have their state 
preserved across
context switches" (MSDN: Kernel-Mode Driver Architecture: Windows DDK: 
Other Calling
Convention Process Issues. Preliminary, June 14, 2004; February 18, 
2005). This
description is nonsense because it confuses saving registers across 
function calls and
saving registers across context switches. Some versions of the Microsoft 
assembler ml64
(e.g. v. 8.00.40310) gives the following message when attempts are made 
to use floating
point registers in 64 bit mode: "error A2222: x87 and MMX instructions 
disallowed; legacy
FP state not saved in Win64".
However, a public discussion forum quotes the following answers from 
Microsoft engineers
regarding this issue: "From: Program Manager in Visual C++ Group, Sent: 
Thursday, May
26, 2005 10:38 AM. It does preserve the state. It's the DDK page that 
has stale information,
which I've requested it to be changed. Let them know that the OS does 
preserve state of
x87 and MMX registers on context switches." and "From: Software Engineer 
in Windows
Kernel Group, Sent: Thursday, May 26, 2005 11:06 AM. For user threads 
the state of legacy
floating point is preserved at context switch. But it is not true for 
kernel threads. Kernel
14
mode drivers can not use legacy floating point instructions."
(www.planetamd64.com/index.php?showtopic=3458&st=100).
The issue has finally been resolved with the long overdue publication of 
a more detailed ABI
for x64 Windows in the form of a document entitled "x64 Software 
Conventions", well hidden
in the bin directory (not the help directory) of some compiler packages. 
This document says:
"The MMX and floating-point stack registers (MM0-MM7/ST0-ST7) are 
preserved across
context switches. There is no explicit calling convention for these 
registers. The use of
these registers is strictly prohibited in kernel mode code." The same 
text has later appeared
at the Microsoft website 
(msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a32tsf7t(VS.80).aspx).
My tests indicate that these registers are saved correctly during task 
switches and thread
switches in 64-bit mode, even in an early beta version of x64 Windows.
The Microsoft C++ compiler version 14.0 never uses these registers in 
64-bit mode, and
doesn't support long double precision. The Intel C++ compiler for x64 
Windows supports
long double precision and __m64 in version 9.0 and later, while earlier 
versions do not.
The conclusion is that it is safe to use floating point registers and 
MMX registers in 64-bit
Windows, except in kernel mode drivers."

regards,

-- 
Dimitrios Chr. Ioannidis
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